{"product_id":"thymulin-20mg","title":"Thymulin 20mg – Research Peptide","description":"\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"355\" data-start=\"283\" data-section-id=\"1xsa5r5\"\u003eThymulin – Zinc-Dependent Thymic Peptide for Immune Signaling Research\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"368\" data-start=\"357\" data-section-id=\"rzkdgm\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"709\" data-start=\"370\"\u003eThymulin, also known as serum thymic factor (FTS), is a naturally occurring zinc-dependent nonapeptide hormone produced by thymic epithelial cells. In research settings, thymulin is frequently studied as a regulatory signal involved in T-cell differentiation, immune signaling coordination, and immune–neuroendocrine communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1039\" data-start=\"711\"\u003eUnlike broader thymic peptide extracts such as thymalin, which contain multiple short peptides, thymulin represents a single, well-defined regulatory molecule. Its activity depends on complex formation with zinc ions (Zn²⁺), which induces a structural conformation required for receptor interaction and biological signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1233\" data-start=\"1041\"\u003eBecause of its highly specific signaling profile, thymulin is commonly examined in laboratory models investigating immune maturation, cytokine balance, and immune–brain axis communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1586\" data-start=\"1373\"\u003eThe peptide alone exists in an apo-form that is biologically inactive. Binding to equimolar zinc ions produces the active metallopeptide complex capable of interacting with thymocyte and immune cell receptors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1782\" data-start=\"1588\"\u003eThis zinc-dependent structural activation distinguishes thymulin from many other thymic peptides and contributes to its role as a precise regulatory signal within immune maturation pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1869\" data-start=\"1823\" data-section-id=\"6bd1ur\"\u003eInteraction with T-Cell Development Pathways\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1976\" data-start=\"1871\"\u003eThymulin has been extensively studied in models of T-lymphocyte differentiation and thymic signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2085\" data-start=\"1978\"\u003eExperimental findings suggest that thymulin participates in several processes related to T-cell maturation:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2356\" data-start=\"2087\"\u003e• differentiation of bone-marrow-derived prothymocytes into mature T-lymphocytes\u003cbr data-end=\"2174\" data-start=\"2171\"\u003e• regulation of T-cell surface markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD90 (Thy-1)\u003cbr data-end=\"2261\" data-start=\"2258\"\u003e• modulation of functional activity in helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T-cell populations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2539\" data-start=\"2358\"\u003eResearch models have also examined thymulin’s potential influence on Foxp3-positive regulatory T-cell development, which plays an important role in maintaining immune tolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2682\" data-start=\"2541\"\u003eIn addition, thymulin signaling has been associated with modulation of natural killer (NK) cell activity in certain experimental systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2731\" data-start=\"2689\" data-section-id=\"7kso8o\"\u003eCytokine Signaling and Immune Regulation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2870\" data-start=\"2733\"\u003eThymulin has been studied for its role in coordinating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine networks within immune signaling pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3019\" data-start=\"2872\"\u003eIn laboratory models, thymulin exposure has been associated with balanced expression of cytokines involved in adaptive immune responses, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3049\" data-start=\"3021\"\u003e• IL-2\u003cbr data-end=\"3030\" data-start=\"3027\"\u003e• IFN-γ\u003cbr data-end=\"3040\" data-start=\"3037\"\u003e• IL-10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3122\" data-start=\"3051\"\u003ewhile modulating excessive signaling of inflammatory mediators such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3149\" data-start=\"3124\"\u003e• IL-1\u003cbr data-end=\"3133\" data-start=\"3130\"\u003e• IL-6\u003cbr data-end=\"3142\" data-start=\"3139\"\u003e• TNF-α\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3300\" data-start=\"3151\"\u003eThese findings have positioned thymulin as a compound of interest in research exploring immune system regulation and cytokine signaling dynamics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3354\" data-start=\"3307\" data-section-id=\"efvsnp\"\u003eNeuroendocrine and Immune–Brain Axis Research\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3460\" data-start=\"3356\"\u003eThymulin is notable among thymic peptides for its interaction with neuroendocrine signaling systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3661\" data-start=\"3462\"\u003eExperimental literature has described bidirectional communication between the thymus and the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, with thymulin participating in signaling pathways involving hormones such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3722\" data-start=\"3663\"\u003e• growth hormone (GH)\u003cbr data-end=\"3687\" data-start=\"3684\"\u003e• prolactin\u003cbr data-end=\"3701\" data-start=\"3698\"\u003e• ACTH\u003cbr data-end=\"3710\" data-start=\"3707\"\u003e• TSH\u003cbr data-end=\"3718\" data-start=\"3715\"\u003e• LH\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3894\" data-start=\"3724\"\u003eStudies have also explored thymulin’s presence in central nervous system environments, including its interaction with glial cells and inflammatory signaling pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4117\" data-start=\"3896\"\u003eIn neuroinflammatory research models, thymulin has been observed to influence pathways associated with NF-κB signaling in neural tissues, suggesting potential relevance in investigations of immune–brain communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4154\" data-start=\"4124\" data-section-id=\"1hfvtej\"\u003eAge-Related Thymic Signaling\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4321\" data-start=\"4156\"\u003eCirculating thymulin levels decline with age in parallel with thymic involution, a well-described biological process involving reduced thymic activity over time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4395\" data-start=\"4323\"\u003eFor this reason, thymulin is frequently referenced in studies examining:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4510\" data-start=\"4397\"\u003e• immune aging mechanisms\u003cbr data-end=\"4425\" data-start=\"4422\"\u003e• thymic signaling decline\u003cbr data-end=\"4454\" data-start=\"4451\"\u003e• adaptive immune system development across the lifespan\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4662\" data-start=\"4512\"\u003eThese research contexts have contributed to growing interest in thymulin as a model peptide for studying age-related changes in immune regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4712\" data-start=\"4669\" data-section-id=\"s1sill\"\u003eZinc Dependence and Structural Activation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4779\" data-start=\"4714\"\u003eA defining feature of thymulin is its strict zinc dependence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5024\" data-start=\"4781\"\u003eWithout zinc binding, thymulin remains in an inactive conformation. When Zn²⁺ ions bind to the peptide, the resulting metallopeptide undergoes a structural transition that allows high-affinity receptor interaction and downstream signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5234\" data-start=\"5026\"\u003eBecause of this requirement, many experimental systems examining thymulin activity also investigate zinc availability and metallopeptide formation as critical factors influencing thymic hormone signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5268\" data-start=\"5241\" data-section-id=\"15vs70q\"\u003eMolecular Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5496\" data-start=\"5270\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5283\" data-start=\"5270\"\u003eSynonyms:\u003c\/strong\u003e Thymulin, Serum Thymic Factor (FTS), Facteur Thymique Sérique\u003cbr data-end=\"5348\" data-start=\"5345\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5369\" data-start=\"5348\"\u003ePeptide Sequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH\u003cbr data-end=\"5412\" data-start=\"5409\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5433\" data-start=\"5412\"\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~858.86 Da\u003cbr data-end=\"5447\" data-start=\"5444\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary Table of Key MOA Layers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 88.75%; height: 108px;\" height=\"142\" width=\"262\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 21.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 23.2179%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eLevel\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 37.0672%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eMechanism\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.9002%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003e Main Outcomes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 21.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 23.2179%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eMolecular\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 37.0672%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eZn²⁺ binding → active conformation \u0026amp; receptor signaling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.9002%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eProper receptor activation, marker induction, NF-κB modulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 21.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 23.2179%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eCellular\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 37.0672%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProthymocyte → mature T-cell differentiation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.9002%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eBalanced CD4\/CD8\/Treg populations,↑ NK activity, cytokine balance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 21.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 23.2179%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eTissue\/Organ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 37.0672%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThymic hormonal microenvironment signal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.9002%; height: 21.5938px;\"\u003eT-cell maturation, immune tolerance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 21.625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 23.2179%; height: 21.625px;\"\u003eSystemic\/Neuro\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 37.0672%; height: 21.625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeuroendocrine-immune axis integration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.9002%; height: 21.625px;\"\u003eAnti-inflammation, analgesia, circadian regulation, homeostasis \u0026amp; longevity\u003cbr\u003esupport\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"PRG","offers":[{"title":"Vial","offer_id":52641940504842,"sku":null,"price":170.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"Pre-filled Pen ( 1 )","offer_id":52641940537610,"sku":null,"price":195.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0908\/7113\/6522\/files\/Thymulin20mg_2.png?v=1772292079","url":"https:\/\/www.peptideregenesis.com\/products\/thymulin-20mg","provider":"PRG","version":"1.0","type":"link"}